PDI Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (WI25) Questions and Answers

Why Salesforce CLI?

The Salesforce CLI supports scripting for Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines, allowing automatic testing and deployment as part of the CI process.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Visual Studio Code is a development IDE, not a CI tool.

C: Force.com Toolkit is outdated and does not support CI processes.

D: Developer Console is for debugging and manual testing, not automation.

Salesforce CLI Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/tools/sfdxcli

References:

@InvocableMethod Requirements:

Must be declared as public static.

Must accept and return a List to support batch operations.

Return type should be compatible with Flow Builder, in this case, a List.

Why Option C?

Fulfills all @InvocableMethod requirements:

@InvocableMethod(label='Additional Info')

public static List getInfo(List contactIds) {

// Implementation

}

Why Not Other Options?

A, B, D: Do not adhere to the public static requirement or fail to use a List as input/output.

InvocableMethod Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_annotation_InvocableMethod.htm

References:

C. Update the PrimaryId__c field definition to mark it as an External Id:

Marking PrimaryId__c as an External Id allows Salesforce to use this field to match records during the data import process, streamlining the process of mapping CSV rows to existing Candidate__c records.

External Id fields are indexed and can be used in tools like Data Loader, Data Import Wizard, or API-based upserts to ensure that records are matched correctly based on the value of the external ID field.

In this case, since PrimaryId__c is unique, marking it as an external ID eliminates the need for custom triggers or flows.

Why this is the best solution?

This technique leverages built-in Salesforce capabilities (no need for custom code or automation).

It ensures accurate record matching and is the standard approach for data enrichment tasks involving unique identifiers.

Why not the other options?

A. Upload the CSV into a custom object related to Candidate__c:

This approach unnecessarily introduces another object, adding complexity. The goal is to update existing Candidate__c records, not store the data in a separate object.

B. Create a before insert trigger to correctly map the records:

Using triggers for this purpose is overengineering. Salesforce already provides tools like upsert for this exact use case. Writing a trigger would require additional effort and could introduce unintended errors or performance issues.

D. Create a before save flow to correctly map the records:

While flows are powerful, they are not the optimal solution for this use case. Data mapping is better handled using an external ID during import to ensure proper matching and updates.

References:

External IDs in Salesforce

Upsert with Data Loader

Unique and External ID Fields

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the best model for the scenario described because it provides on-demand access to compute, storage, and networking resources that are ideal for a scalable server cluster. IaaS allows the engineering team to rent infrastructure resources without having to invest in physical hardware, making it perfect for temporary or fluctuating workloads, such as scalability testing.

Key Characteristics of IaaS:

Full control over the operating systems and applications running on the servers.

Flexible resource allocation to support high scalability.

Ideal for custom software testing where specific server configurations may be needed.

Why not the other options?

PaaS (Platform as a Service):While PaaS is excellent for application development and deployment, it abstracts the infrastructure layer, which would limit the engineering team's control over the cluster's configuration.

SaaS (Software as a Service):SaaS delivers fully managed applications, not infrastructure or testing environments. It’s irrelevant for this use case.

BaaS (Backend as a Service):BaaS is tailored to mobile or web application backend development, providing APIs and pre-built services, not infrastructure for a server cluster.

Platform Developer References:While this question is broader than Salesforce-specific concepts, understanding IaaS vs. PaaS is relevant when working with Salesforce development. For example:

Salesforce operates as a PaaS (e.g., Force.com platform), allowing developers to build and deploy applications without managing underlying servers.

Testing scalability and performance at an infrastructure level (as in the question) would fall under IaaS concepts, which Salesforce developers might encounter when integrating external services or infrastructure like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.

This foundational knowledge complements your understanding of cloud services in the Salesforce ecosystem.

This method allows the developer to retrieve all available record types and identify the default record type for the current user by checking the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() attribute.

Example:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult describeResult = Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe();

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo recordType : describeResult.getRecordTypeInfos()) {

if (recordType.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

System.debug('Default Record Type: ' + recordType.getName());

}

}

B: Salesforce requires that all Apex code have at least 75% test coverage in production before deployment. This ensures that the system remains reliable.

C: All triggers must have some test coverage as part of the overall 75% requirement for Apex code.

Why not other options?

A: Object visibility settings are not a deployment requirement.

D: Visual Flows do not require test coverage for deployment to production.

References:

Apex Test Coverage Requirements

A: The save() method in the custom controller must be tested to ensure it works as intended and redirects to the correct page.

B: Setting parameters via ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters() is crucial to test scenarios where user input or URL parameters drive logic.

D: Using Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef) is essential for simulating page context in unit tests.

Why not other options?

C: This statement does not belong to testing a custom controller.

B (second occurrence): It appears to be incorrectly formatted in the question.

References:

Testing Apex Controllers

Option A contains code that improperly handles user input, which may lead to a security vulnerability such as SOQL injection. To avoid this, always use bind variables when constructing queries.

Creating test classes ensures that the Apex class works according to specifications by validating the functionality under various scenarios and edge cases. Running tests in the Developer Console provides detailed feedback on whether the class meets requirements.

Why a Trigger on the Child Object?

Since the relationship is not master-detail, a trigger on the child object can perform aggregate calculations and update the parent Opportunity.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Tree sorting is unnecessary and unrelated to roll-up summaries.

B and D: Neither Streaming API nor Metadata API is suitable for real-time roll-up calculations.

Custom Roll-Up Summaries: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_best_practices.htm

References:

Option A (Apex Class): Trace flags can be configured for specific Apex classes to debug issues during their execution.

Option C (User): Trace flags can be set for specific users to debug issues occurring in their transactions.

Option E (Apex Trigger): Trace flags can be set for specific triggers to debug execution.

Not Suitable:

Option B (Flow): Trace flags cannot be configured for Flows directly.

Option D (Visualforce): Trace flags are not used to debug Visualforce pages directly.

Apex Jobs Page:

Provides a user-friendly interface to view the status and details of enqueued jobs, including those implementing the Queueable interface.

AsyncApexJob Object:

The AsyncApexJob object stores information about queued Apex jobs.

Developers can query this object for job details like Status, JobType, etc.

Example SOQL Query:SELECT Id, Status, JobType, CreatedDate

FROM AsyncApexJob

WHERE JobType = 'Queueable'

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex Status page: Not a relevant Salesforce feature.

D. Apex Flex Queue: Only applicable to Batch Apex jobs, not Queueable jobs.

AsyncApexJob: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api.meta/api/sforce_api_objects_asyncapexjob.htm

References:

The code provided processes all Case records in a single transaction. Since it attempts to process over 10,000 records, it exceeds the Salesforce governor limit of 50,000 DML rows per transaction, causing the transaction to fail.

Governor Limits on DML Rows (C):Salesforce enforces a governor limit of 50,000 rows for DML operations per transaction. In this case, if the SELECT query retrieves over 50,000 records, the Database.update call will hit this limit and throw a System.LimitException.

Advantages of Lightning Web Components (LWC):

A. Rich component ecosystem:

LWCs have a modern, rich component library designed for modular and reusable development.

D. Self-contained and reusable units:

LWCs are designed to be modular, reusable, and self-contained, reducing duplication and enhancing maintainability.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Log capturing via Debug Logs Setup page: This is unrelated to LWC and is a debugging feature.

C. Built-in standard and custom set controllers: Relevant to Visualforce, not LWCs.

LWC Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

Salesforce CLI allows developers to automate deployments and run unit tests as part of a continuous integration (CI) pipeline. It is the most efficient tool for scripting these processes.

A: Custom objects and fields are the fundamental building blocks of the database layer in Salesforce for creating and storing custom data.

C: Roll-up summary fields are a declarative feature used to perform calculations (e.g., sum, count) on child records and display the results on the parent record.

D: Relationships (e.g., master-detail, lookup) are essential for defining how data objects are related to each other.

Why not other options?

B: Triggers are a programmatic solution, which goes against the declarative-only requirement.

E: Flows are used for automation and logic, not for building the database layer.

References:

Salesforce Data Modeling

Why Data Loader?

Data Loader supports all standard and custom objects, including Opportunities.

It is suitable for importing large data volumes like 500 records.

Why Not Data Import Wizard?

The Data Import Wizard does not support all objects, such as Opportunities.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts unless provided external IDs.

B: Data Loader is a desktop application, not browser-based.

D: The Data Import Wizard can handle more than 500 records for supported objects, but it doesn't support Opportunities.

Data Loader Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.dataLoader.meta/dataLoader/

References:

Using a for loop allows iterating through the list, and an if or if-else condition inside can evaluate the LastModifiedDate for each account to determine its status.

The SOQL query assigns its result directly to a single sObject variable (Account myAccount). If the query returns more than one record, Salesforce throws a QueryException because the system cannot automatically cast multiple results to a single sObject.

Not Suitable:

Option A: The variable cannot be automatically cast to a list.

Option C: The query itself does not fail but throws an exception.

Option D: The first record is not automatically assigned.

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) have access to a variety of resources in Salesforce. Below are the supported resources:

Static Resources (A):You can use static resources to reference JavaScript libraries, images, and other files needed in an LWC.

B. Updates to FeedItem:

Triggers can fire when FeedItem records are updated, such as posts on records or Chatter updates.

C. Cascading delete operations:

When a parent record is deleted, cascading delete operations on related child records can trigger child object triggers.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Changing a user's default division does not fire triggers.

D: Renaming or replacing a picklist entry does not fire triggers.

Trigger Events: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_context_variables_considerations.htm

References:

Option A: The Lightning Component Framework uses client-side rendering for improved performance and responsiveness.

Option B: Lightning components automatically adhere to accessibility standards (e.g., ARIA).

Option D: The framework allows for seamless integration with external libraries via JavaScript.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Lightning components are compatible with modern browsers but not all browsers.

Why Lookup on Account to Global Address?

An Account can reference a single default Global Address via a lookup field, allowing multiple Accounts to share the same address.

This is more efficient than the reverse (lookup on Global Address to Account), as Global Address is the parent in this relationship.

Avoiding Master-Detail:

Lookup relationships provide flexibility in this use case since Accounts and Global Addresses have independent lifecycles.

Example:Create a custom lookup field on Account referencing the Global Address object.

75% Code Coverage (A):To deploy Apex code to production, Salesforce requires at least 75% of the code to be covered by tests across the organization.

Correct Syntax for SOSL Query:

Option B uses SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) to find records where the phrase 'ACME' appears in any field across multiple objects (Contact and Lead).

Syntax used in Option B:

List> searchList = [FIND 'ACME' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Contact, Lead];

This query retrieves a list of SObject lists, where each inner list contains the results for a specific object (e.g., Contact or Lead).

Why not the other options?

A. Option A:

This uses SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language), not SOSL. SOQL cannot search across multiple objects or fields. The syntax provided is invalid because SOQL doesn’t support "multi-object WHERE conditions."

C. Option C:

The Map syntax is incorrect for SOSL queries. SOSL queries return a List>, not a Map.

D. Option D:

The syntax List for SOSL is incorrect. SOSL must return List> since the results are grouped by object types.

References:

SOSL Queries in Apex

SOQL vs SOSL

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

References:

Apex Testing: Test Classes and Methods

Trailhead Module on Apex Testing

The @TestVisible annotation allows private methods or variables to be accessed in test classes. This ensures that the private method can be adequately tested without changing its access modifier.

Anonymous Apex allows developers to execute ad hoc code snippets without creating a permanent class or trigger. It is useful for tasks like bulk data manipulation or testing.

B. Deleting 15,000 inactive Accounts:

Anonymous Apex can perform ad hoc bulk operations to clean up data after a deployment.

Example:

Use Cases:List inactiveAccounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE IsActive__c = false LIMIT 15000];

delete inactiveAccounts;

C. Running a batch Apex class:

Anonymous Apex can execute batch jobs for data processing.

Example:

apex

Copy code

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactBatch());

A. Schedule an Apex class to run periodically: This requires a scheduled job, not Anonymous Apex.

D. Add unit test code coverage: Unit tests must be written in test classes and cannot be added using Anonymous Apex.

Anonymous Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_execute_anonymous.htm

Why Not the Other Options?References:

Maximum Trigger Depth Exceeded:

This error occurs when a trigger causes recursive calls, leading to an infinite loop of execution.

Solution:

Use static variables in helper classes to prevent recursive trigger execution.

Example:

public class TriggerHelper {

public static Boolean isTriggerExecuted = false;

}

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) {

if (!TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted) {

TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted = true;

// Trigger logic here

}

}

Why Not Other Options?

A: Permissions do not affect trigger recursion.

B: Length of the trigger is unrelated to recursion.

C: Code coverage does not influence runtime errors like recursion.

Trigger Best Practices: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_best_practices.htm

References:

To test Apex code that makes HTTP callouts, Salesforce provides the HTTPCalloutMock interface. Developers create a test class that implements HTTPCalloutMock to define the fake response that will be returned when the callout is executed during the test.

This ensures that tests do not depend on the availability or behavior of the external system.

Why not other options?

B and C: These are not relevant for testing HTTP callouts.

D: There is no concept of extending HTTPCalloutMock. It is implemented, not extended.

References:

Apex Testing for HTTP Callouts

A: Formula fields are calculated at runtime based on the formula definition and are not stored in the database.

C: Formula fields can reference fields from related objects, allowing cross-object calculations.

Why not other options?

B: Formulas cannot reference themselves; doing so would result in a circular reference error.

D: If a field used in a formula field is deleted, the formula field will break, and Salesforce will prevent deletion until the formula field is updated.

References:

Formula Fields Documentation

B: @testSetup inserts data once and shares it across all test methods in the class, saving system resources.

D: @isTest(SeeAllData=true) is incompatible with @testSetup due to their differing purposes for managing test data.

A master-detail relationship from Engineering_Support__c to Opportunity allows multiple child Engineering_Support__c records to be associated with a single parent Opportunity. It also enables roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from the child records onto the parent Opportunity.

Why Test.loadData()?

Simplifies test data creation by loading data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

Ideal for testing specific field values in bulk.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Querying data from the org violates test isolation principles.

C: Anonymous Apex cannot be used within test classes.

D: JSON files in Documents are not supported by Test.loadData().

Test.loadData(): https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_tools_load_data.htm

References:

Global Access Modifier:

When building managed packages, methods and classes that need to be accessible outside the package namespace must be declared global.

Public restricts access to within the namespace.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Public limits access to within the namespace.

C and D: Mixing public and global incorrectly doesn't meet the requirement for external accessibility.

Managed Packages and Global Access: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_access_modifiers.htm

References:

Option B: The component renders all messages added to the ApexPages messages collection on a Visualforce page, including those added by the ApexPages.addMessage() method.

Not Suitable:

Option A: is for specific fields, not for the general messages collection.

Option C: is used for displaying a single, static message, not the dynamic collection of messages.

Option D: does not display messages.

In Option B, the webservice keyword is used to declare the class and the specific method updateRecords. This is correct because:

The helper method helperMethod is private and not exposed to the external application.

The webservice method updateRecords is declared global static, making it accessible externally.

To embed a Flow in an Aura component, the lightning:flow tag is used. It allows developers to interact with flows declaratively in Aura components.

A roll-up summary field is the best practice for aggregating values (e.g., sum, count, or average) from child records in a master-detail relationship. This feature automatically calculates the sum of all Order Line item totals and displays it on the parent Order record.

SFDX CLI (A):Salesforce CLI allows the automation of deployment scripts to sandboxes. Using commands like sfdx force:source:deploy, developers can deploy metadata directly from source control.

The test class is failing because the records are being inserted with the default user context, which may not have the necessary sharing or profile permissions. Wrapping the insert operations within a System.runAs block using a Standard User ensures the operations are executed with the correct context, simulating real-world behavior.

Allow Reparenting in Master-Detail Relationships:

In a master-detail relationship, the child record (in this case, OrderItem) is tightly bound to the parent record (Order).

By default, child records cannot be reassigned to a different parent record in master-detail relationships. However, enabling the "Allow Reparenting" option on the master-detail field allows the child record (OrderItem) to be reparented to a different master record (Order).

This is the correct solution as it ensures that OrderItem records can be reassigned to a new Order without changing the structure of the relationship.

Why not the other options?

A. Add without sharing to the Apex class declaration:

Adding without sharing modifies sharing rules but does not affect the ability to reparent child records. This is unrelated to the issue described.

B. Change the master-detail relationship to an external lookup relationship:

Changing the relationship type is not necessary. Additionally, doing so could introduce unintended side effects, as master-detail relationships have features like roll-up summaries that are lost with a lookup relationship.

C. Create a junction object between OrderItem and Order:

Introducing a junction object is not required. This adds unnecessary complexity and deviates from the intended use of master-detail relationships.

References:

Master-Detail Relationship Documentation

Allow Reparenting Option

The doWork method inserts an account for every iteration of the for loop, which runs from i = 0 to i <= 200, inclusive.

This results in 201 iterations, and hence 201 accounts are inserted into the org.

Explanation of Code Behavior:

The loop condition i <= 200 runs 201 times (0 to 200).

The insert acct; statement is executed 201 times.

References:

Apex Developer Guide - Loop Constructs

Roll-Up Summary Field:

Since the relationship between Order and Order Line Item is a Master-Detail, a Roll-Up Summary field can be used on the Order object.

The MAX function in a Roll-Up Summary field calculates the latest date (the maximum value) among all the availability dates on the Order Line Items.

Why MAX Roll-Up Summary Field Works:

The latest availability date among the Order Line Items will determine when the entire Order can be shipped.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: There is no such formula called "LATEST" or "CEILING" applicable to date fields.

C: A COUNT Roll-Up Summary is irrelevant for calculating dates.

Roll-Up Summary Fields: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.object_reference.meta/object_reference/roll_up_summary_fields.htm

References:

Why Quick Actions?

Quick Actions allow developers to create prepopulated forms for creating or updating records.

They are a modern alternative to JavaScript buttons in Lightning Experience.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Validation rules enforce data integrity but do not create records.

B: Apex triggers automate processes but are not used for user-initiated actions.

C: Record-triggered flows execute automatically when records are created or updated, but they do not replace JavaScript buttons for user-initiated actions.

Quick Actions: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.quick_actions_create.htm

References:

In Aura components:

B. Renderer: Contains custom rendering logic.

C. Controller: Manages user interaction and component events.

E. Helper: Contains reusable JavaScript functions for logic.

Option B: Using Schema.sObjectType.Account.isDeletable() checks if the current user has permission to delete records of the Account object. This approach adheres to Salesforce's security model.

Not Suitable:

Option A: accountRec.isDeletable() is not a valid method.

Option C: Incorrect syntax for checking permissions.

Option D: Account.isDeletable does not exist.

In the context of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture for a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the Apex class and JavaScript file are responsible for handling the controller's role:

Apex Class (Controller):

Acts as the server-side controller.

Executes business logic, such as the complex validations mentioned in the scenario.

Exposes methods for the LWC to call using @AuraEnabled.

A: A Flow can guide sales reps through a set of scripted steps and call an Apex action to interact with an external REST endpoint.

B: An Invocable method is used to make an Apex method callable from a Flow. This method can call the REST endpoint and return the data for display.

Why not other options?

C: Future methods are asynchronous and cannot return data to the user in real time.

D: Triggers are used for database events, not for guiding users through scripted processes or making REST calls.

References:

Invocable Methods in Flows

Upload the SVG file as a static resource in Salesforce.

Import it in the LWC JavaScript file and define it as a property.

Reference the property in the component’s HTML template.

Example:

import mySvg from '@salesforce/resourceUrl/mySvg';

export default class MyComponent extends LightningElement {

svgUrl = mySvg;

}

The quickest way to make Visualforce pages styled like Lightning Experience is by incorporating SLDS. This provides consistent styling without rewriting the applications.

Why not other options?

A: Rewriting all Visualforce pages as Lightning components is time-consuming and not efficient.

B: There is no attribute enableLightning in Visualforce.

C: Enabling Lightning Experience compatibility does not apply styling automatically.

References:

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Why Use Static Resources and Test.loadData?

C: Static resources allow you to define reusable test data (e.g., in a CSV file).

D: Test.loadData simplifies loading bulk test data into test classes from static resources.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Using @isTest(seeAllData=true) violates test isolation principles and is discouraged.

B: @isTest(isParallel=true) is used for parallel execution, not for creating test data.

Test.loadData: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_tools_load_data.htm

References:

Why a try/catch block is required:

In Salesforce, DML operations such as insert, update, delete, and upsert can throw exceptions due to issues like validation rule violations, field constraints, or sharing rule restrictions.

Using a try/catch block ensures that these exceptions are caught and handled gracefully, preventing the entire transaction from failing.

How to modify the code:

The update statement in the code can be wrapped in a try/catch block to catch and handle any exceptions that occur. For example:

apex

Copy code

public static void insertAccounts(List theseAccounts) {

try {

for (Account thisAccount : theseAccounts) {

if (thisAccount.website == null) {

thisAccount.website = 'https://www.demo.com ';

}

}

update theseAccounts;

} catch (DmlException e) {

System.debug('DML Exception: ' + e.getMessage());

}

}

Why not the other options?

A. Implement the upsert DML statement:

upsert is used to either insert or update records based on an external ID or primary key. It does not inherently handle exceptions.

B. Implement Change Data Capture:

Change Data Capture (CDC) is used for tracking changes to data in real time and is unrelated to handling DML exceptions.

D. Remove null items from the list of Accounts:

While cleaning the input data is a good practice, it does not address the need for exception handling during DML operations.

References:

Apex Error Handling

DML Operations in Apex

Why Queueable Class?

Queueable Apex supports callouts and allows chaining to process one record at a time efficiently.

The trigger detects when the Order__c status changes to "Placed" and enqueues the Queueable class to perform the callout.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Batchable class: Batch jobs are ideal for bulk processing but not suited for single REST callouts.

C. Flow with invocable method: Flows are less efficient and limited in handling callouts for large-scale operations.

D. @future method: While it supports asynchronous callouts, it does not allow chaining, making Queueable more suitable.

Queueable Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_queueing_jobs.htm

References:

Why Change Sets?

Change Sets are the recommended and simplest way to deploy metadata, including Apex code and Lightning Components, from Sandbox to Production.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The Force.com IDE is deprecated.

B: The Ant Migration Tool is more suitable for complex deployments but not necessary for standard Sandbox-to-Production migration.

D: Salesforce CLI is effective for deployment but requires scripting expertise, making Change Sets easier for most users.

Change Sets: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.changesets.htm

References:

Developer Sandboxes are ideal for individual developers. They provide the same configuration as production and allow developers to work independently.

Full Sandbox: Used for staging or testing environments, not suitable for individual developer work.

Developer Edition: Not connected to the production org and lacks sandbox functionality.

Partner Developer Edition: Used by ISVs for AppExchange development, not suitable for internal teams.

References:

Salesforce Sandbox Overview

The code snippet in question creates and inserts an account named MyAccount and then initializes a loop to add additional accounts.

The loop runs from x = 1 and continues adding accounts until x < 10.

Since the condition x++ is post-increment, the loop runs exactly 10 times, creating and adding 10 new accounts to the newAccounts list.

At the end, the insert DML statement persists these 10 new accounts, along with the already existing account (MyAccount).

Total accounts in the org:

Existing accounts = 5

New accounts added = 10

Total = 15

References:

Salesforce Apex Developer Guide

Salesforce SOQL & SOSL Reference

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

Public Method (A):The parent component can call a public method defined in the child component to pass data directly.

Validation Rule Violations:

Salesforce automatically throws exceptions for validation rule violations during DML operations.

is used to display these errors to the user.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Controller attributes alone cannot handle validation messages.

B: A try/catch block does not address validation rule violations effectively.

D: Database.upsert() method is not related to validation error handling.

Apex Messages: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.pages.meta/pages/pages_compref_messages.htm

References:

Why Controller?

A custom controller allows:

Complex validation involving multiple objects.

Redirection to another Visualforce page upon success.

Controllers can implement custom save logic and redirect using PageReference.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex: Apex is the underlying programming language, but a controller specifically handles the Visualforce logic.

B. Trigger: Triggers execute on DML events, not on button clicks in Visualforce.

D. Extension: Extensions enhance standard controllers but are not necessary here since a custom controller is being built.

Controllers and Extensions: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.pages.meta/pages/pages_controller_custom.htm

References:

Roll-Up Summary Field:

Since the relationship between Order and Order Line Item is a Master-Detail, a Roll-Up Summary field can be used on the Order object.

The MAX function in a Roll-Up Summary field calculates the latest date (the maximum value) among all the availability dates on the Order Line Items.

Why MAX Roll-Up Summary Field Works:

The latest availability date among the Order Line Items will determine when the entire Order can be shipped.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: There is no such formula called "LATEST" or "CEILING" applicable to date fields.

C: A COUNT Roll-Up Summary is irrelevant for calculating dates.

Roll-Up Summary Fields: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.object_reference.meta/object_reference/roll_up_summary_fields.htm

References:

Why Data Export Scheduled Job?

Salesforce provides an out-of-the-box Data Export feature that allows organizations to back up their data, including attachments.

This feature can be scheduled to run automatically on a monthly basis, fulfilling the requirement.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Schedule a Report: Does not export attachments and is limited to reportable data.

B. Data Loader Command Line: Requires manual setup and scripting, which is unnecessary for this requirement.

D. Create a Schedulable Apex class: Not suitable, as the Data Export tool is more efficient for full data and attachment backup.

Data Export Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.data_export_overview.htm

References:

B: Using partial DML statements (e.g., Database.insert(list, false)) allows only valid records to be committed while identifying invalid ones, avoiding runtime errors.

D: The Database.Savepoint method ensures transactional control by allowing rollback to a specific savepoint if an error occurs.

Why not other options?

A: The @ReadOnly annotation is for read-only operations and would not allow DML operations.

C: The System.Limit class helps monitor limits but does not directly control transaction behavior.

References:

Best Practices for Apex Transactions

To embed a Lightning component in a Visualforce page, the following are required:

A: is necessary to include the Lightning framework on the Visualforce page.

C: $Lightning.use() initializes the Lightning app and is essential for using Lightning components.

Why not other options?

B: $Lightning.createComponent is used for creating a specific Lightning component but is not enough on its own.

D: includes SLDS (Styling) but is unrelated to embedding Lightning components.

E: This is not a valid syntax.

References:

Embedding Lightning Components in Visualforce

To use an Apex interface within a class, the class must implement the interface using the implements keyword. This is the correct way to inherit behavior defined in an interface.

Example:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop {

// Implementation of the methods defined in the Laptop interface

}

Why not other options?

B: The extends keyword is used for inheriting from a class, not implementing an interface.

C: This syntax is incorrect and not supported in Apex.

D: This syntax is also incorrect as interfaces are not referenced with an @Interface annotation in Apex.

References:

Apex Interfaces Documentation

Account Trigger:

Apex triggers allow for complex logic to retrieve and update the Timezone field based on PostalCodeToTimezone__c.

Fast Field Updates Record-Triggered Flow:

A record-triggered flow in Fast Field Updates mode can fetch the necessary data from PostalCodeToTimezone__c and update the Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Quick actions: Used for user interface updates, not for automation based on edits.

B. Approval process: Not relevant to dynamic field updates.

Record-Triggered Flow: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.flow_build_trigger.htm

References:

Since the Case and Defect__c objects have a Private organization-wide default (OWD), their records must be explicitly shared for a user to gain access to the related Case_Defect__c record. Sharing both parent records ensures that the user can access the junction object and the associated parent objects.

Execution Flow:

The loop runs 500 times (i ranges from 0 to 499).

In each iteration, a new Account record is created and inserted.

Governor Limits:

This code violates the governor limit of 150 DML statements per transaction because each insert is executed individually.

However, the code logically attempts to insert 500 accounts.

Key Consideration:

The code demonstrates inefficient handling of DML operations and would fail in a real-world scenario.

Governor Limits: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_gov_limits.htm

References:

Anonymous Apex allows developers to execute ad hoc code snippets without creating a permanent class or trigger. It is useful for tasks like bulk data manipulation or testing.

B. Deleting 15,000 inactive Accounts:

Anonymous Apex can perform ad hoc bulk operations to clean up data after a deployment.

Example:

Use Cases:List inactiveAccounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE IsActive__c = false LIMIT 15000];

delete inactiveAccounts;

C. Running a batch Apex class:

Anonymous Apex can execute batch jobs for data processing.

Example:

apex

Copy code

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactBatch());

A. Schedule an Apex class to run periodically: This requires a scheduled job, not Anonymous Apex.

D. Add unit test code coverage: Unit tests must be written in test classes and cannot be added using Anonymous Apex.

Anonymous Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_execute_anonymous.htm

Why Not the Other Options?References:

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

Record-triggered flows allow automation to create tasks when an Opportunity is created. It is declarative, easy to maintain, and does not require custom code.

Steps:

Create a record-triggered flow for the Opportunity object.

Set it to run on record creation.

Use the "Create Records" element to create a task for the Opportunity owner.

In the context of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture for a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the Apex class and JavaScript file are responsible for handling the controller's role:

Apex Class (Controller):

Acts as the server-side controller.

Executes business logic, such as the complex validations mentioned in the scenario.

Exposes methods for the LWC to call using @AuraEnabled.

When troubleshooting batch Apex jobs:

Asynchronous Job Monitoring:

Navigate to Setup > Apex Jobs to view the status of the batch job.

Provides information such as success, errors, and total execution time.

This step is crucial to diagnose whether the issue is with system limits, batch size, or specific records.

Debug Logs:

After identifying the issue in the job monitoring page, use debug logs to pinpoint specific errors or bottlenecks.

B. Check the debug logs for the batch job: Debug logs are a secondary step after checking the job status.

C. Disable and recreate with fewer records: Premature without investigating the root cause.

D. Decrease the batch size: Adjusting batch size is a solution but only after identifying the cause of the timeout.

Asynchronous Job Monitoring: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=000331217 &type=1

Debugging Apex: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_debugging.htm

Why Not the Other Options?References:

Why Salesforce CLI?

The Salesforce CLI supports scripting for Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines, allowing automatic testing and deployment as part of the CI process.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Visual Studio Code is a development IDE, not a CI tool.

C: Force.com Toolkit is outdated and does not support CI processes.

D: Developer Console is for debugging and manual testing, not automation.

Salesforce CLI Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/tools/sfdxcli

References:

The doWork method inserts an account for every iteration of the for loop, which runs from i = 0 to i <= 200, inclusive.

This results in 201 iterations, and hence 201 accounts are inserted into the org.

Explanation of Code Behavior:

The loop condition i <= 200 runs 201 times (0 to 200).

The insert acct; statement is executed 201 times.

References:

Apex Developer Guide - Loop Constructs

An External ID field is used to match data in Salesforce with data from external systems (like an on-premise SQL database). It allows for easy upserts and data integration without relying on Salesforce IDs.

Why not other options?

A: External objects are used for real-time integration with external systems but do not address data matching directly.

C: Formula fields are calculated fields and cannot be used for data matching.

D: Lookup fields are used for creating relationships between objects within Salesforce, not for matching external data.

After running all tests, the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console shows the code coverage percentage for each class.

This is the most reliable and optimal way to view code coverage.

Option B: To update a junction object, the user needs Read/Write access to the primary relationship object.

Option C: The user must also have Read/Write access on the junction object itself.

The Lightning Out library allows a Lightning Web Component to be embedded in a Visualforce page. This approach is the most suitable to make the LWC accessible in Salesforce Classic.

Option A: The Lightning Component Framework uses client-side rendering for improved performance and responsiveness.

Option B: Lightning components automatically adhere to accessibility standards (e.g., ARIA).

Option D: The framework allows for seamless integration with external libraries via JavaScript.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Lightning components are compatible with modern browsers but not all browsers.

The with sharing keyword ensures that the Apex class respects the sharing rules of the current user, including private sharing models. This means the logged-in user will only see records they own or have been shared with them.

For declarative development:

A. Record-Triggered Flow: Allows building complex logic declaratively without code.

D. Validation Rules: Enforce data quality by validating record fields before saving.

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

References:

Apex Testing: Test Classes and Methods

Trailhead Module on Apex Testing

Salesforce CLI allows developers to automate deployments and run unit tests as part of a continuous integration (CI) pipeline. It is the most efficient tool for scripting these processes.

Why Change Sets?

Change Sets are the recommended and simplest way to deploy metadata, including Apex code and Lightning Components, from Sandbox to Production.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The Force.com IDE is deprecated.

B: The Ant Migration Tool is more suitable for complex deployments but not necessary for standard Sandbox-to-Production migration.

D: Salesforce CLI is effective for deployment but requires scripting expertise, making Change Sets easier for most users.

Change Sets: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.changesets.htm

References:

A: Declarative development does not require Apex test classes since it leverages built-in Salesforce features such as flows, process builders, and validation rules.

C: Declarative development can be done using the Setup menu, which includes point-and-click tools like page layouts, workflows, and Lightning App Builder.

Why not other options?

B: Declarative development has strict limits (e.g., process builders and flows have governor limits that are lower than programmatic approaches like Apex).

D: Declarative logic still requires maintenance, especially as business needs evolve.

References:

Declarative vs Programmatic Development

A before trigger fires when records are inserted, updated, or deleted. Using the Data Loader or Bulk API to import data updates records, which triggers the before insert or before update events.

Not Suitable:

Option A: Renaming or replacing picklists does not trigger a record-level operation.

Option B: The Mass Address Update tool is not a record operation that triggers before triggers.

Option D: Converting leads to contacts triggers lead conversion events, not directly related to Account triggers.

Option A contains code that improperly handles user input, which may lead to a security vulnerability such as SOQL injection. To avoid this, always use bind variables when constructing queries.

Scratch orgs are temporary, source-driven Salesforce environments used for development and testing. They allow developers to:

Work on independent features without interfering with each other's configurations.

Utilize a source-driven development model for CI/CD pipelines.

@InvocableMethod Requirements:

Must be declared as public static.

Must accept and return a List to support batch operations.

Return type should be compatible with Flow Builder, in this case, a List.

Why Option C?

Fulfills all @InvocableMethod requirements:

@InvocableMethod(label='Additional Info')

public static List getInfo(List contactIds) {

// Implementation

}

Why Not Other Options?

A, B, D: Do not adhere to the public static requirement or fail to use a List as input/output.

InvocableMethod Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_annotation_InvocableMethod.htm

References:

Declaring the constant as static ensures it is shared across all instances of the class.

Declaring it as final ensures its value cannot be modified after initialization.

Option B: Reusing event logic in the helper ensures cleaner and reusable code.

Option D: Handling low-level events in handlers and re-firing them as higher-level events allows for better abstraction and modularity.

Why Use final?

The final keyword ensures that a variable's value can only be assigned once.

Option B: Assigning the value in the constructor is valid as it allows for flexibility when creating class instances.

Option C: Assigning the value directly when declaring the variable is also valid for constants.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Static variables can have their values reassigned unless marked as final.

D: Static variables cannot be assigned within a class constructor.

Apex Final Keyword: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_final.htm

References:

To create and manage scratch orgs in Salesforce DX, the Dev Hub must be enabled in your Salesforce production or Developer Edition org. Dev Hub acts as the central hub for managing scratch orgs.

Why Test.loadData()?

Simplifies test data creation by loading data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

Ideal for testing specific field values in bulk.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Querying data from the org violates test isolation principles.

C: Anonymous Apex cannot be used within test classes.

D: JSON files in Documents are not supported by Test.loadData().

Test.loadData(): https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_tools_load_data.htm

References:

Allow Reparenting in Master-Detail Relationships:

In a master-detail relationship, the child record (in this case, OrderItem) is tightly bound to the parent record (Order).

By default, child records cannot be reassigned to a different parent record in master-detail relationships. However, enabling the "Allow Reparenting" option on the master-detail field allows the child record (OrderItem) to be reparented to a different master record (Order).

This is the correct solution as it ensures that OrderItem records can be reassigned to a new Order without changing the structure of the relationship.

Why not the other options?

A. Add without sharing to the Apex class declaration:

Adding without sharing modifies sharing rules but does not affect the ability to reparent child records. This is unrelated to the issue described.

B. Change the master-detail relationship to an external lookup relationship:

Changing the relationship type is not necessary. Additionally, doing so could introduce unintended side effects, as master-detail relationships have features like roll-up summaries that are lost with a lookup relationship.

C. Create a junction object between OrderItem and Order:

Introducing a junction object is not required. This adds unnecessary complexity and deviates from the intended use of master-detail relationships.

References:

Master-Detail Relationship Documentation

Allow Reparenting Option

A: Using the order number as an external ID ensures Salesforce can identify and update existing records instead of creating duplicates during updates.

B: Ensuring the order number is unique in the OMS guarantees that there will not be multiple records in Salesforce corresponding to a single order.

C: The Bulk API is designed for importing or exporting large volumes of data and works efficiently in development environments, but it respects storage limits.

D: Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes have different storage limits. Developer Pro has a larger storage limit compared to a Developer sandbox.

Why not other options?

A: Bulk API does not bypass storage limits.

B: The Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool, not an application installed on your computer.

References:

Salesforce Data Import and Export

Salesforce Bulk API

Master-detail relationships allow roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from child records. If a roll-up summary field exists on the Account object, the relationship cannot be changed to a lookup because lookup relationships do not support roll-up fields.

Why not other options?

A: Null values in the Vendor records do not prevent the change.

C: Custom fields can have their types changed as long as dependencies like roll-up fields are not present.

D: Organization-wide defaults do not affect the ability to change relationships.

References:

Salesforce Master-Detail Relationships and Roll-Up Summary Fields

The @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation makes an Apex method available to Lightning Web Components and allows it to be wired to a property while enabling client-side caching for improved performance.

Change sets can only be used between related organizations:

Change sets require a relationship between the source and target Salesforce orgs, such as a production org and its sandboxes. You cannot use change sets between unrelated Salesforce orgs.

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax is controller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use an extensions attribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax is controller, not standardController, for custom objects.

B and C: These are syntactically incorrect.

References:

Visualforce Pages Documentation

Roll-Up Summary Field:

Since the relationship between Order and Order Line Item is a Master-Detail, a Roll-Up Summary field can be used on the Order object.

The MAX function in a Roll-Up Summary field calculates the latest date (the maximum value) among all the availability dates on the Order Line Items.

Why MAX Roll-Up Summary Field Works:

The latest availability date among the Order Line Items will determine when the entire Order can be shipped.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: There is no such formula called "LATEST" or "CEILING" applicable to date fields.

C: A COUNT Roll-Up Summary is irrelevant for calculating dates.

Roll-Up Summary Fields: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.object_reference.meta/object_reference/roll_up_summary_fields.htm

References:

Creating test classes ensures that the Apex class works according to specifications by validating the functionality under various scenarios and edge cases. Running tests in the Developer Console provides detailed feedback on whether the class meets requirements.

The test class is failing because the records are being inserted with the default user context, which may not have the necessary sharing or profile permissions. Wrapping the insert operations within a System.runAs block using a Standard User ensures the operations are executed with the correct context, simulating real-world behavior.

Why upsert?

The upsert statement inserts records that don’t exist and updates existing records based on the external ID (Order Number__c in this case).

Salesforce automatically recognizes and uses the external ID field for matching.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: merge is for merging records, not for upserting.

C: Adding the field name after upsert is unnecessary, as Salesforce detects the external ID automatically.

Upsert Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/langCon_apex_dml_upsert.htm

References:

The requirement specifies that the Salary__c field should function as a currency input and honor field-level security.

The lightning-input-field component (Option C) automatically respects field-level permissions set in Salesforce and ensures the Salary__c field is editable and viewable only by authorized users.

Other options do not guarantee compliance with field-level security:

Option A: does not enforce field-level security.

Option B: is read-only and cannot be used for editing.

Option D: requires custom logic for enforcing security.

References:

Lightning Web Components Documentation

Field-Level Security Best Practices

Why Developer Console?

The Developer Console provides tools to troubleshoot query performance, including the Query Plan tool.

The Query Plan tool evaluates SOQL query performance and provides insight into query costs and optimization.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Setup Menu: Used for administrative tasks, not performance troubleshooting.

B. Visual Studio Code IDE: Useful for development, but does not offer query performance tools.

C. AppExchange: Provides apps but does not directly help with query troubleshooting.

Query Plan Tool: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.220.0.salesforce_console.meta/salesforce_console/salesforce_console_query_plan.htm

References:

Declarative customizations, such as workflows, process builder, validation rules, and flows, offer a no-code approach to customizing Salesforce. Below are the key benefits:

Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release (A):Salesforce ensures that declarative tools are automatically updated during new releases, eliminating the need for manual intervention or code refactoring.

To override the Edit button in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience:

Use a Visualforce page for Salesforce Classic.

Use a Lightning component for Lightning Experience by configuring the Lightning override.

Apex Trigger (Option B):

An Apex trigger can be written on the Container__c object to prevent deletion unless the Status__c field value is "Decommissioned".

This allows custom logic to be executed during the deletion process.

The @RestResource annotation exposes an Apex class as a RESTful web service. The urlMapping parameter defines the endpoint's URL.

Why a try/catch block is required:

In Salesforce, DML operations such as insert, update, delete, and upsert can throw exceptions due to issues like validation rule violations, field constraints, or sharing rule restrictions.

Using a try/catch block ensures that these exceptions are caught and handled gracefully, preventing the entire transaction from failing.

How to modify the code:

The update statement in the code can be wrapped in a try/catch block to catch and handle any exceptions that occur. For example:

apex

Copy code

public static void insertAccounts(List theseAccounts) {

try {

for (Account thisAccount : theseAccounts) {

if (thisAccount.website == null) {

thisAccount.website = 'https://www.demo.com ';

}

}

update theseAccounts;

} catch (DmlException e) {

System.debug('DML Exception: ' + e.getMessage());

}

}

Why not the other options?

A. Implement the upsert DML statement:

upsert is used to either insert or update records based on an external ID or primary key. It does not inherently handle exceptions.

B. Implement Change Data Capture:

Change Data Capture (CDC) is used for tracking changes to data in real time and is unrelated to handling DML exceptions.

D. Remove null items from the list of Accounts:

While cleaning the input data is a good practice, it does not address the need for exception handling during DML operations.

References:

Apex Error Handling

DML Operations in Apex

Maximum Trigger Depth Exceeded:

This error occurs when a trigger causes recursive calls, leading to an infinite loop of execution.

Solution:

Use static variables in helper classes to prevent recursive trigger execution.

Example:

public class TriggerHelper {

public static Boolean isTriggerExecuted = false;

}

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) {

if (!TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted) {

TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted = true;

// Trigger logic here

}

}

Why Not Other Options?

A: Permissions do not affect trigger recursion.

B: Length of the trigger is unrelated to recursion.

C: Code coverage does not influence runtime errors like recursion.

Trigger Best Practices: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_best_practices.htm

References:

Option C: Roll-up summary fields can cause triggers to fire again as they recalculate parent records.

Option D: After-save record-triggered flows can update records, which may fire triggers on those records.