H19-301_V3.0 HCSA-Presales-IP Network Certification V3.0 Questions and Answers

Factors Affecting Wireless Rate:

The wireless rate (throughput) of a Wi-Fi AP depends on multiple factors, including hardware capabilities, environmental conditions, and configuration settings.

Explanation of Each Factor:

CPU performance:The AP's CPU processes data packets and performs tasks like encryption/decryption. Higher CPU performance enables better throughput.

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio):A higher SNR indicates a stronger signal relative to noise, resulting in better data rates.

Spatial stream:Wi-Fi 6 supports multiple spatial streams (MIMO), increasing throughput by transmitting multiple data streams simultaneously.

Frequency bandwidth:Wider channels (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz) allow higher data rates but may increase interference in crowded environments.

Conclusion:All four options are factors that affect the wireless rate of a Wi-Fi AP.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol with several key characteristics:

Connectionless : This is not a characteristic of TCP. TCP establishes a connection before transmitting data using a three-way handshake.

Flow control and window mechanism : TCP uses flow control and sliding window mechanisms to manage data transmission rates and prevent buffer overflow.

Connection-oriented : TCP establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between endpoints.

Reliable transmission : TCP ensures reliable delivery of data through acknowledgments, retransmissions, and error detection.

UDP, not TCP, is a connectionless protocol. Therefore, the correct answer is A .

References:

Huawei Transport Layer Protocols Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Understanding iStack Technology:

iStack is Huawei's stacking technology that allows multiple switches to be managed as a single logical device. This simplifies network configuration, management, and troubleshooting.

Dedicated Stack Ports or Stack Cards:

To enable iStack functionality, Huawei switches require either dedicated stack ports or stack cards. These ports/cards facilitate high-speed interconnection between stacked switches.

Benefits of iStack:

Simplifies network topology by reducing the number of managed devices.

Enhances scalability and reliability through unified management.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because dedicated stack ports or stack cards are required to support iStack technology.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

To defend againstapplication-layer DDoS attacks, Huawei'sAntiDDoSproduct is the most suitable choice.Key details about the options:

HiSec Insight:A security analytics platform for threat detection and response, but not specifically designed for DDoS mitigation.

USG6000E:A next-generation firewall with basic DDoS protection, but limited in handling large-scale or sophisticated attacks.

AntiDDoS:A dedicated solution for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks, including application-layer attacks like HTTP floods.

FireHunter:A sandboxing solution for advanced threat detection, not DDoS defense.

TheAntiDDoSproduct excels in identifying and mitigating application-layer attacks by analyzing traffic patterns and applying granular mitigation policies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Anti-DDoS Solutions."

Huawei AntiDDoS Product Documentation, Application-Layer Protection.

The Huawei CloudEngine S12700E series is a high-end modular switch designed for enterprise campus networks. Below are the explanations for each highlighted feature:

Ultra-large buffer and HQoS scheduling, delivering optimal user experience of key applications : The S12700E series features a large buffer and advanced Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS) scheduling, ensuring smooth performance for critical applications even under heavy traffic conditions.

Powerful slot forwarding capability, building Wi-Fi 6 high-speed channels : The switch supports high-speed forwarding capabilities, making it ideal for supporting Wi-Fi 6 networks and handling the increased bandwidth demands of modern applications.

Control and switching separation, on-demand configuration, and flexible capacity expansion : The S12700E adopts a control-switching separation architecture, allowing users to configure resources on demand and expand capacity flexibly as needed.

Redundancy design for key components, ensuring 99.999% reliability : The switch includes redundant power supplies, fans, and control boards, ensuring high availability and reliability for mission-critical environments.

All four options are valid highlight features of the CloudEngine S12700E series.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine S12700E Series Switch Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

HuaweiWLAN solutionssupport multiple networking modes to adapt to different enterprise requirements:

(A) Independent Fat AP Networking (True):Each AP operatesindependentlywithout a Wireless Access Controller (WAC). Suitable forsmall-scale networks.

(B) Cloud Management Networking (True):UsesHuawei CloudCampusto manage APs remotely viaiMaster NCE-Campus. Ideal forlarge, multi-branch enterprises.

(C) WAC + Fit AP Networking (True):CentralizedWAC (Wireless Access Controller)managesFit APs, optimizing performance and security.

(D) AC-Free Self-Networking of the Leader AP (True):Aleader APacts as a mini-controller, managing other APs without a WAC. Used insmall to medium networks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, WLAN Networking Modes

Multi-Campus network interconnection involves connecting multiple geographically dispersed campuses into a unified network. To meet the demands of such networks, the following service requirements must be addressed:

Manage LAN-side and WAN-side services in a unified manner : Unified management simplifies operations by providing a single interface to monitor and control both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

Improve the network deployment efficiency and shorten the service provisioning period : Automation tools and software-defined networking (SDN) technologies help streamline deployment processes, reducing the time required to roll out new services.

Reduce the costs for WAN interconnection between branches : Cost optimization is achieved through efficient use of bandwidth, leveraging technologies like SD-WAN and traffic engineering to minimize expenses.

Improve the application identification capability and ensure the experience of key services : Advanced analytics and AI-driven insights enable precise application identification, prioritizing critical services to ensure optimal user experience.

Adopt a visualized method to simplify management and O&M : Visualization tools provide intuitive dashboards and real-time monitoring, making it easier to manage complex networks and troubleshoot issues.

All five options are valid service requirements for Multi-Campus network interconnection, making them all correct.

References:

Huawei Campus Network Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Fat APs(Autonomous APs) operateindependentlyand donotrequire a centralized wireless controller.

Theyperform all wireless functions, including:

Wireless authentication

Encryption

User access management

Data packet forwarding

Fit APs, on the other hand, depend on a wireless controllerfor centralized management.

Fat APs are best suited for small-to-medium networkswhere centralized control is unnecessary.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Fat vs. Fit APs

Huawei firewalls come preconfigured with several default security zones, each serving a specific purpose:

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone):A buffer zone between the internal network and external networks, often used to host public-facing servers like web servers.

Local:Represents the firewall itself. Traffic destined for the firewall (e.g., management traffic) is associated with this zone.

Untrust:Represents external, untrusted networks such as the Internet. Security policies typically restrict traffic from this zone.

Trust:Represents internal, trusted networks. Traffic within this zone is generally considered safe.

These zones form the foundation of firewall security policies, allowing administrators to control traffic flows between different parts of the network.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Firewall Security Zones and Policies."

Huawei Firewall Product Documentation, Default Security Zones.

Dynamic Routing Protocols Overview:

Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to exchange routing information dynamically, allowing them to adapt to changes in the network topology automatically.

Explanation of Each Protocol:

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):A link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path to destinations. It is widely used in enterprise networks.

IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System):Another link-state routing protocol, similar to OSPF, but primarily used in service provider networks.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol):A distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. It is simple but less scalable compared to OSPF and IS-IS.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol):A path-vector routing protocol used for inter-domain routing (e.g., between autonomous systems). It is the backbone of the Internet.

Conclusion:All four options (OSPF, IS-IS, RIP, and BGP) are dynamic routing protocols.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 2: IP Routing Protocols.

Huawei Enterprise Networking Product Documentation.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:An enterprise WAN (Wide Area Network) is designed to connect geographically dispersed locations within an organization. The primary interconnections include:

Option A: Enterprise headquarters and branches are commonly interconnected via WAN to enable centralized management and resource sharing.

Option B: Carrier networks and enterprise networks are not part of the enterprise WAN itself but represent external connectivity provided by service providers.

Option C: Enterprise campus networks and data centers are interconnected to ensure seamless access to centralized resources and applications.

Option D: Enterprise office networks and production networks are interconnected to facilitate collaboration and operational efficiency.

These interconnections form the backbone of an enterprise WAN, enabling cross-region communication and resource sharing.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: Enterprise WAN Architecture

Huawei Enterprise Networking Solutions Overview

Overview of Huawei Wi-Fi 6 Technologies:

Huawei Wi-Fi 6 incorporates several innovative technologies to enhanceperformance, reliability, and user experience in wireless networks.

Explanation of Each Technology:

SmartRadio for Air Interface Optimization:This technology optimizes air interface efficiency, improving throughput and reducing interference.

Intelligent multimedia scheduling:Ensures prioritized delivery of voice, video, and other critical services, enhancing user experience.

Industry-leading smart antennas:Provide better signal coverage and capacity by dynamically adjusting beamforming directions.

AI roaming steering:Uses artificial intelligence to predict and optimize client roaming behavior, ensuring seamless connectivity.

Conclusion:All four options are advantageous technologies of Huawei Wi-Fi 6.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

Understanding the S5731-H Series:

The S5731-H series switches are part of Huawei's high-performance access switches, designed for enterprise campus networks.

Port Types in S5731-H:

Some models in the S5731-H series supportboth electrical (RJ45) and optical (SFP) ports, providing flexibility for different connectivity requirements.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S5731-H series includes models with both electrical and optical ports.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

Huawei'sHybrid Optical-Electrical Cables 2.0provideboth data transmission and power supplyin asingle cable, enabling:

Ultra-long PoE+ power supply up to 600 meters, significantly extending traditional PoE+ limits (~100m).

Reduces the need for additional power outlets, simplifying deployment in large-scale campuses and outdoor scenarios.

Supports Wi-Fi 6 APs, cameras, and IoT devicesover long distances.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Hybrid Optical-Electrical Cables Section

While Huawei'sUSG series firewallsinclude basicanti-DDoS capabilities, they are not designed to completely replace standaloneanti-DDoS products. Firewalls primarily focus on access control, threat prevention, and policy enforcement, whereas dedicated anti-DDoS solutions offer advanced features like large-scale traffic scrubbing, anomaly detection, and mitigation for massive DDoSattacks.For environments facing sophisticated or volumetric DDoS threats, standalone anti-DDoS appliances or cloud-based services are recommended to complement firewall capabilities.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Firewall vs. Anti-DDoS Solutions."

Huawei USG Series Firewall Product Documentation, Anti-DDoS Features.

Understanding Wi-Fi 6 AP Radios:

Wi-Fi 6 APs typically have two or three radios. Three-radio APs provide additional capacity and performance, making them ideal for high-density environments.

Analysis of Each Model:

AirEngine 5762-12:This model supportstwo radios(2.4 GHz and 5 GHz).

AirEngine 6761-21T:This model supportsthree radios, including an additional IoT radio for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

AirEngine 5761-21:This model supportstwo radios.

AirEngine 5761-11:This model supportstwo radios.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option B, as the AirEngine 6761-21T supports three radios.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

Huawei offers acomprehensive enterprise security portfolio, including:

(A) AntiDDoS (True):Protects againstDistributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks.

(B) Modular Firewall (True):Providesscalable, high-performance securityfor enterprise networks.

(C) SecoManager Security Controller (True):Acentralized security management platform.

(D) Desktop Firewall (False):Notpart of Huawei’s enterprise security product portfolio.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Security Products Overview

Huawei'sCloudFabric 3.0is a next-generation data center network solution with several key differentiators:

Full-lifecycle automation:Automates tasks across the entire lifecycle, from deployment to operations, reducing manual intervention and errors.

Network-wide intelligent O&M:Leverages AI to provide real-time monitoring, fault prediction, and optimization, enhancing reliability and efficiency.

All-Ethernet storage and HPC network:Supports converged Ethernet-based storage and high-performance computing (HPC), eliminating the need for separate Fibre Channel networks.

Whileall-wireless accessis a feature of campus networks, it is not a differentiator of CloudFabric 3.0, which focuses on wired data center networks.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudFabric 3.0 Key Features."

Huawei CloudFabric Solution Documentation, Differentiators.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. In an SNMP-based network:

Each managed device runs anagent processthat collects and stores management information.

Themanagement process(typically running on a Network Management System, or NMS) communicates with the agent using SNMP messages.

SNMP defines several types of messages, such as GET, SET, and TRAP, which allow the NMS to query or modify device configurations and receive notifications from the agent. Other options like NETCONF, HTTP, and YANG are unrelated to SNMP communication.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Network Management Protocols and SNMP."

Huawei Network Management Documentation, SNMP Overview.

The statement is incorrect because IP addresses function at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, not the data link layer (Layer 2). At the data link layer, devices useMAC addresses(Media Access Control addresses) to identify each other. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network adapters and are defined by the IEEE 802 standard.While IP addresses are essential for routing data across networks, they are not directly related to the data link layer. Therefore, the claim that "the address that functions at the data link layer is called an IP address" is false.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "OSI Model and Addressing."

IEEE 802 Standards Documentation.

TheNetEngine 8000 M14is a high-performance aggregation router designed for enterprise and carrier networks. Key features include:

Compact design:With a depth of220 mm, it fits well in space-constrained environmentslike edge locations.

Control/forwarding separation:Ensures efficient processing by separating control plane and forwarding plane functions.

Hardware redundancy:Provides high reliability through redundant components like power supplies and fans.

These features make the NetEngine 8000 M14 a robust choice for aggregation roles in WAN architectures.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "NetEngine 8000 Series Aggregation Routers."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 M14 Product Documentation, Technical Specifications.

In2021, theChina Communications Standards Association (CCSA)introduced theIPv6 Enhancedstandard system to driveIPv6+ adoption.

Huawei played a major role in the standardization process, contributing expertise in areas such asSRv6, network slicing, and intelligent O&M.

This initiativealigns with China's strategy to accelerate IPv6 deploymentfor next-generation networks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – IPv6 Enhanced Standardization

Autonomous Driving Network (ADN) Levels:

The ADN standard defines six levels (L0 to L5), ranging from manual operations (L0) to fully autonomous operations (L5).

Highest Level (L5):

AtL5, the network achieves full autonomy, capable of self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing without human intervention.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the highest level of the ADN standard is indeed L5: full autonomous network.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei Autonomous Driving Network White Paper.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security) is a Layer 2 encryption protocol that ensures secure communication between devices in a network. It provides data confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection at the Ethernet layer.

The following models in the Huawei CloudEngine S6730 series support MACsec:

S6730-H48X6C : This switch supports MACsec on its high-speed ports, ensuring secure communication for critical applications.

S6730-H24X6C : Similar to the H48X6C, this model also supports MACsec, making it suitable for environments requiring robust security.

S6730-H24X4Y4C : This model also includes MACsec support, providing advanced security features for enterprise networks.

However, the S6730-S24X6Q does not support MACsec. It is designed for scenarios where Layer 2 encryption is not a primary requirement.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

References:

Huawei CloudEngine S6730 Series Switch Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

TheAirEngine 5762-12SWis a versatile Wi-Fi 6 AP designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. Key features include:

Flexible covers:The AP's cover can be customized to match the deployment environment.

Leader AP functionality:It can manage up to eight Fit APs, simplifying network architecture.

Maximum wireless rate:Supports up to2.975 Gbps, ensuring high-speed connectivity.

However, the statement that it hastwo GE ports (one for uplink and one for downlink)isFALSE. The AirEngine 5762-12SW has onlyone GE portfor uplink, which limits its wired connectivity options.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine 5762-12SW Features."

Huawei AirEngine 5762-12SW Product Documentation, Port Configuration.

Fault Management in Autonomous Driving Networks:

Huawei's autonomous driving network leverages AI and machine learning to achieve rapid fault detection, analysis, and resolution.

Fault Management Metrics:

Locate faults within 1 minute:AI-driven tools quickly identify the root cause of issues.

Analyze faults within 3 minutes:Advanced analytics provide detailed insights into the nature and impact of faults.

Rectify faults within 5 minutes:Automated remediation workflows resolve issues promptly, minimizing downtime.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because Huawei's autonomous driving network meets these fault management metrics.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei Autonomous Driving Network White Paper.

TheS5731-HandS5731-Sare part of Huawei's CloudEngine S series switches, but they differ in their software capabilities. Specifically:

S5731-H:Supports advanced features likeVXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), which enables network virtualization and scalable overlay networks.

S5731-S:Lacks VXLAN support, making it suitable for simpler deployments without virtualization requirements.

This distinction is critical when selecting switches for environments that require advanced virtualization and cloud integration.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Huawei Campus Switch Models and Features."

Huawei CloudEngine S5731 Series Product Documentation.

In IP-based networks, routers use the destination IP address in the network layer header to determine the next hop for forwarding packets. The routing table contains entries that map destination IP addresses to outgoing interfaces or next-hop routers.

Source MAC and Destination MAC are Layer 2 (data link layer) addresses and are not used for routing decisions.

Source IP is irrelevant for routing, as the router focuses on delivering the packet to the destination IP address.

Thus, the correct answer is B , as routers use the destination IP address to make forwarding decisions.

References:

Huawei Routing Fundamentals Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Huawei'sAirEngineseries includes a range of Wi-Fi 6 APs with varying capabilities:

AirEngine 5762-12:Supports a maximum device rate of2.975 Gbps, not 1.775 Gbps, making option A incorrect.

AirEngine 6761-21:Supports a maximum device rate of3.55 Gbps, making option B correct.

AirEngine 5762-12SW:Does support the leader AP feature, making option C incorrect.

AirEngine 5761-11:Does not have 2.5GE ports, making option D incorrect.

TheAirEngine 6761-21stands out for its high performance, making it suitable for demanding environments like large enterprises and campuses.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine Series Performance Metrics."

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation, Device Rate Specifications.

Overview of Huawei Campus Network Virtualization:

Huawei's campus network virtualization allows a single physical network to support multiple logical networks (VNs), enabling efficient resource utilization and simplified management.

Explanation of Each Capability:

One network carrying multiple services:This is a core feature of virtualization, where a single physical network supports multiple services (e.g., voice, video, data) through logical segmentation.

Automatic service policy delivery:Virtualization enables automated delivery of service policies to ensure consistent configuration across all devices in the network.

Automatic virtual network (VN) deployment:Huawei's solution automates the creation and deployment of virtual networks, reducing manual intervention and speeding up service provisioning.

Automatic physical network deployment:This is incorrect because physical network deployment typically involves manual setup and configuration, which cannot be fully automated.

Conclusion:The correct capabilities are Options A, B, and C.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: Campus Network Virtualization.

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Brochure.

Huawei's CloudWAN 3.0 solution is a next-generation WAN architecture designed to address the challenges of digital transformation and cloud adoption. The key highlights of this solution include:

One-network wide connection : CloudWAN 3.0 enables seamless connectivity across multiple sites, integrating various access technologies (e.g., MPLS, SD-WAN, and PON) into a unified network. This ensures efficient resource utilization and simplifies network management.

One-fiber multipurpose transport : This feature allows a single fiber to carry multiple services, such as Internet, voice, video, and private line services. It significantly reduces infrastructure costs and improves operational efficiency.

One-hop cloud access : CloudWAN 3.0 provides direct, low-latency access to cloud services through optimized routing. This enhances user experience and supports real-time applications like video conferencing and online collaboration.

While "one-click maintenance" and "one-click fast scheduling" are valuable features in network management, they are not explicitly highlighted as part of the CloudWAN 3.0 solution in official Huawei documentation.

References:

Huawei CloudWAN 3.0 Solution White Paper, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Managing a large number of branches in an enterprise WAN environment presents several challenges. Below is an analysis of each option:

Difficulties in rectifying faults on branch networks : With numerous branches, identifying and resolving network faults becomes complex, especially when relying on manual troubleshooting.

Long time to provision new services in branches : Deploying new services across multiple branches requires significant coordination and configuration effort, leading to delays.

Poor experience with key applications : Limited bandwidth, high latency, and inefficient traffic steering can degrade the performance of critical applications like video conferencing and ERP systems.

High O&M costs : Managing distributed branch networks involves substantial operational and maintenance costs, including personnel, tools, and infrastructure expenses.

All four options accurately describe the challenges faced in enterprise WAN interconnection with large numbers of branches.

References:

Huawei SD-WAN Solution Challenges and Benefits, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Huawei's IoT-enabled Wi-Fi 6 APs integrate wireless networking with IoT capabilities, enabling converged solutions for various industries. Let us evaluate each statement:

Currently, IoT expansion is only available for RFID and Bluetooth protocols : This is false . While RFID and Bluetooth are common IoT protocols, Huawei's IoT-enabled APs support additional protocols like Zigbee and LoRa, depending on the model.

IoT expansion can be implemented through PCIe cards or USB ports : This is true . Huawei APs support IoT expansion modules that can be connected via PCIe cards or USB ports, enabling flexible integration of IoT functionalities.

Radios used by IoT and Wi-Fi do not transmit on the same channel, so there is no need to consider interference between IoT and Wi-Fi signals : This is false . Depending on the frequency bands used, IoT and Wi-Fi signals may interfere with each other. Proper planning and configuration are required to minimize interference.

The outdoor Wi-Fi 6 AP AirEngine 5761R-11 supports IoT expansion : This is true . The AirEngine 5761R-11 is an outdoor AP that supports IoT expansion, making it suitable for scenarios like smart cities and industrial IoT.

Thus, the correct answers are B and D .

References:

Huawei IoT Wi-Fi 6 AP Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

As enterprises transition to cloud-centric architectures, campus networks face several challenges:

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack intelligent tools for rapid fault detection and resolution, leading to prolonged downtime.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Poorly designed wireless networks result in coverage gaps and inconsistent user experiences.

Cloud outpacing network:Cloud services evolve faster than traditional networks can adapt, creating bottlenecks.

Difficult network scaling:Legacy networks struggle to scale dynamically to meet growing demands.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Fragmented management across domains (e.g., wired, wireless, WAN) leads to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

Addressing these challenges requires modern solutions like SDN (Software-Defined Networking), AI-driven O&M, and unified management platforms.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Campus Network Challenges in the Cloud Era."

Huawei Campus Network Solution Documentation, Trends and Challenges.

SecoManager supports multiple deployment modes to meet the needs of different security scenarios. Below is an analysis of each option:

Independent deployment : SecoManager can be deployed as a standalone solution for managing security devices across the network.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP : SecoManager can integrate with iMaster NCE-IP to provide unified management of IP/MPLS networks and security policies.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus : This is not a supported deployment mode for SecoManager. SecoManager focuses on security management, while iMaster NCE-Campus is tailored for campus network management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric : SecoManager can integrate with iMaster NCE-Fabric to manage security policies in cloud data centers and intent-driven networks.

Thus, the correct answer is C , as SecoManager does not support integration with iMaster NCE-Campus.

References:

Huawei SecoManager Deployment Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

"One-click fast scheduling, cloud-network coordinated scheduling" refers to the ability to provision services quickly and efficiently using advanced technologies like SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) . This feature enables agile service rollout by automating the configuration and deployment of network services across cloud and WAN environments. With SRv6, services can be provisioned within minutes, significantly reducing the time required for manual configuration and ensuring rapid adaptation to changing business needs.

The other options describe different features of Huawei's solutions but do not directly align with the concept of "one-click fast scheduling." For example:

Option B refers to network diagnostics and troubleshooting capabilities.

Option C highlights resource optimization through SDN and intelligent algorithms.

Option D focuses on network slicing, which is a separate feature for enhancing network flexibility.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as it directly addresses the concept of fast and coordinated scheduling in cloud-network environments.

References:

Huawei CloudWAN 3.0 Solution White Paper, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Redundancy Technologies for Leaf Switches:

To enhance redundancy in data center networks, technologies like stacking and M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) are commonly used.

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Capabilities:

TheCloudEngine 6881series switchesdo support M-LAG, enabling active-active redundancy between two switches. This ensures high availability and load balancing.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because the CloudEngine 6881 supports M-LAG.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Product Documentation.

Comparison of S5735-L and S5731-S Series Switches:

Both series belong to Huawei's campus switch portfolio but target different use cases and have distinct features.

Subcard Expansion Ports:

S5735-L Series:These switches donotsupport subcard expansion ports. They are designed for fixed configurations and are suitable for small to medium-sized networks.

S5731-S Series:These switchesdosupport subcard expansion ports, allowing for greater flexibility in terms of port types and densities. This makes them ideal for larger or more complex networks.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S5735-L series lacks subcard expansion ports, while the S5731-S series supports them.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

Understanding Overlay Topologies in SD-WAN:

In Huawei's SD-WAN solution, overlay networks are created on top of the physical underlay network. These overlays can be customized based on specific services or applications.

Service Independence:

Different service topologies (e.g., voice, video, data) areindependent of each other, allowing granular control over traffic paths, QoS policies, and security settings.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because overlay topologies in Huawei's SD-WAN solution are service-specific and operate independently.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 9: SD-WAN Solutions.

Huawei SD-WAN Solution Brochure.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation is designed to provide high reliability and low latency for mission-critical applications such as train control systems.

Option A: The handover delay in Huawei's solution can indeed be as low as 30 ms. This ensures seamless connectivity during transitions between base stations, which is crucial for real-time applications like train control signaling.

Option B: The solution supports carrying train control signal systems, ensuring safe and efficient operations.

Option C: This statement is incorrect. Huawei's wireless backhaul solution supports high-speed mobility, including trains traveling at speeds up to 160 km/h or higher, without losing connectivity.

Option D: Active-active links are a key feature of the solution, providing redundancy and ensuring high reliability even in challenging environments.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: Wireless Backhaul Solutions for Rail Transportation

Huawei Case Studies: Rail Transportation Networks

Overview of Huawei CloudWAN 3.0:

Huawei CloudWAN 3.0 is designed to address the challenges of modern WANs by integrating intelligence, automation, and cloud-native capabilities. It aims to simplify operations, improve efficiency, and enable seamless cloud connectivity.

Explanation of Each Highlight:

One-network wide connection:Provides unified connectivity across various domains, including branches, data centers, and clouds.

One-click maintenance:Simplifies network operations through automated tools, reducing manual intervention and improving efficiency.

One-hop cloud access:Enables direct and secure access to cloud services with minimal latency, enhancing user experience.

One-click fast scheduling:Allows dynamic resource allocation and traffic optimization through AI-driven scheduling.

One-fiber multipurpose transport:Supports multiple services over a single fiber, improving bandwidth utilization and reducing costs.

Conclusion:All the listed options are key highlights of Huawei CloudWAN 3.0.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 9: WAN Solutions.

Huawei CloudWAN Solution Brochure.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:An MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) network uses Label Switched Paths (LSPs) to forward packets. However, an LSP is unidirectional , not bidirectional. This means that the path is established in one direction only, from the ingress Label Edge Router (LER) to the egress LER. For bidirectional communication, two separate LSPs are required—one for each direction.

This concept is critical in understanding MPLS architecture, as it ensures efficient packet forwarding based on labels rather than IP addresses. The unidirectional nature of LSPs allows for better traffic engineering and control over data flow in MPLS networks.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: MPLS Fundamentals

RFC 3031: Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 1: Huawei Overview.

Huawei Annual Report and Official Website.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) introduces enhanced security features compared to WPA2. One of the key improvements is the use of a 192-bit encryption key in the WPA3 Enterprise mode, which provides stronger cryptographic protection. This is part of the "WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit" mode, designed for high-security environments such as government and financial institutions.

The increased key length enhances resistance to brute-force attacks and ensures better protection of sensitive data. Additionally, WPA3 includes features like Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) mechanism, further improving security.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: WLAN Security Features

Wi-Fi Alliance: WPA3 Security Enhancements

TheCloudEngine 16800 seriesis Huawei's flagship data center switch lineup, designed for high-performance, scalable, and reliable networking in modern data centers. The mainstream models in this series include:

CloudEngine 16812:A high-density switch with 12 line cards, supporting up to 576 x 400GE ports.

CloudEngine 16816:The largest model in the series, with 16 line cards, supporting up to 768 x 400GE ports.

CloudEngine 16804:A compact model with 4 line cards, suitable for smaller deployments or edge data centers.

CloudEngine 16808:A mid-sized model with 8 line cards, balancing performance and scalability for medium to large data centers.

These models cater to a wide range of use cases, from small-scale deployments to hyperscale cloud environments.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudEngine 16800 Series Overview."

Huawei CloudEngine 16800 Series Product Documentation, Model Specifications.

iMaster NCE (Network Cloud Engine) uses NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol) to deliver configurations to network devices. NETCONF is an XML-based protocol that provides a standardized way to configure and manage network devices programmatically.

Telemetry : Used for collecting operational data from devices, not for configuration delivery.

SDN : Refers to a broader concept of software-defined networking, not a specific protocol.

RESTful : Used for API interactions but not for device configuration.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as NETCONF is the primary protocol used by iMaster NCE for configuration delivery.

References:

Huawei iMaster NCE Protocol Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

In theMOX (Ministries of Government)scenario, where high-performance and scalable WAN connectivity is required, Huawei recommends theNetEngine 8000 Xseries as the backbone router.Key reasons for this recommendation:

NetEngine 8000 X:Designed for ultra-high-capacity WAN backbones, supporting terabit-level throughput and advanced features like SRv6 and EVPN.

NetEngine 8000 M6/MIC/F1A:These models are more suited for aggregation or access roles rather than backbone routing.

TheNetEngine 8000 Xis ideal for government networks due to its ability to handle massive traffic volumes, ensure low latency, and support future-proof technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Government WAN Scenarios and Router Recommendations."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation, Backbone Router Use Cases.

Features Supported by Huawei NetEngine Routers:

Huawei NetEngine routers are designed for various use cases, including WAN, data center interconnect (DCI), and enterprise networking. However, not all models support every advanced feature.

Analysis of Features:

IPsec:Most NetEngine routers support IPsec for secure communication over public networks.

VXLAN:VXLAN support is limited to specific models optimized for data center or cloud environments.

MACsec:MACsec is supported only on certain high-end models for Layer 2 encryption.

FlexE:FlexE is a feature available only on select high-end NetEngine routers designed for 5G transport and DCI.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because not all NetEngine routers support all four features (IPsec, VXLAN, MACsec, and FlexE).

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine Router Product Documentation.

Understanding Autonomous Driving Network Levels:

The Autonomous Driving Network (ADN) framework defines six levels of automation, ranging from L0 (manual operations) to L5 (full autonomy).

Huawei's Data Center ADN Level:

Huawei's data center autonomous driving network solution is designed to achieveL4: highly autonomous networkcapabilities. At this level, the network can self-optimize, self-heal, and handle most tasks without human intervention, requiring minimal oversight for complex scenarios.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as Huawei's data center ADN operates at L4.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei Autonomous Driving Network White Paper.

Overview of S5731-L Remote Units (RUs):

The S5731-L series includes remote units (RUs) designed for distributed campus networks. These RUs connect to a central switch via uplink ports.

Uplink Port Flexibility:

The RUs supportoptical, electrical, and hybrid optical-electrical ports, allowing flexible selection based on the distance between the RU and the central switch.

Optical ports are used for long-distance connections, while electrical ports are suitable for shorter distances. Hybrid ports combine both options for maximum versatility.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S5731-L RUs support multiple uplink port types for flexible deployment.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

The Huawei CloudEngine 6881 is a high-performance data center switch that supports both stacking and M-LAG (Multichassis Link Aggregation Group) technologies. M-LAG is a key feature for increasing redundancy and reliability in leaf-spine architectures by enabling two switches to act as a single logical device for link aggregation.

The claim that the CE6881 does not support M-LAG is FALSE , as this model fully supports M-LAG to enhance network availability and fault tolerance.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Huawei'sCloudEngine series switchesare designed to meet the evolving demands of modern data center networks (DCNs). For customers requiring25G Top-of-Rack (TOR) switches, theCE6881is the ideal choice.Key details about the models mentioned:

CE6820:A lower-end switch that does not support 25G ports.

CE6870:Primarily supports 10G and 40G ports, not 25G.

CE6881:Specifically designed for 25G access and 100G uplinks, making it suitable for AI-era DCNs.

CE6863E:Focuses on high-density 100G/400G switching, not 25G TOR requirements.

TheCE6881aligns perfectly with the need for 25G TOR switches, enabling higher bandwidth and scalability for AI and cloud workloads.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Data Center Switch Portfolio."

Huawei CloudEngine Series Product Documentation, CE6881 Specifications.

Understanding SecoManager Deployment Modes:

SecoManager is a security controller that integrates with Huawei's iMaster NCE platforms to manage security policies across networks.

Analysis of Each Mode:

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP:Supported for managing security in IP/MPLS networks.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric:Supported for data center and cloud fabric security management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus: Not supportedbecause SecoManager focuses on specialized security scenarios, while iMaster NCE-Campus manages campus networks.

Independent deployment:Supported for standalone security management.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus is not a valid SecoManager deployment mode.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 11: Security Solutions.

Huawei SecoManager Product Documentation.

The evolution of atypical data centerinvolves several key phases, each addressing specific technological and operational advancements:

Virtualization:The first major phase, where physical resources are abstracted into virtual machines (VMs) to improve resource utilization and flexibility.

Centralized:Early data centers were centralized, with all resources located in a single facility for easier management.

Multi-site and multi-cloud:Modern data centers extend across multiple locations and integrate with public/private clouds for scalability and redundancy.

Distributed:Distributed architectures enable edge computing and decentralized processing, reducing latency and improving performance for geographically dispersed users.

These phases reflect the progression from traditional, hardware-centric designs to modern, software-defined, and cloud-integrated infrastructures.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Data Center Evolution Phases."

Huawei Data Center Solution Documentation, Evolution Trends.

Hyper-converged data center network solutions emphasize automation across the entire lifecycle, from deployment to operations. Below is an analysis of each option:

100% unleashing of computing power : While automation can optimize resource allocation, achieving 100% utilization of computing power is not directly tied to full-lifecycle automation.

TTM reduced by 90% : Full-lifecycle automation streamlines processes such as provisioning, configuration, and scaling, significantly reducing Time-to-Market (TTM). This is a direct benefit of automation.

Proactive prediction of 90% of faults : Proactive fault prediction is typically achieved through AI-driven analytics, not solely through automation.

Storage performance improved by 90% : Improvements in storage performance are more closely related to advancements in hardware (e.g., NVMe over Fabrics) and software optimizations, rather than automation.

Thus, the correct answer is B , as full-lifecycle automation primarily reduces TTM.

References:

Huawei Hyper-Converged Data Center Network Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Redundancy ensures network reliabilityby providing backup mechanisms to avoid single points of failure.

TheHuawei CloudEngine S8700switch offers:

Microsecond-level active/standby MPLI switchover, which is10 times fasterthan the industry average.

High availabilitythrough redundant components, such asdual power supplies, dual main processing units (MPUs), and hot-swappable fans.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – CloudEngine S8700 Redundancy Features

Geographic Redundancy in SD-WAN Controllers:

Huawei's SD-WAN solution provides geographic redundancy to ensure high availability and disaster recovery.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is correct. The active and standby clusters share the same domain name or IP address, enabling seamless failover during an active/standby switchover.

Option B:This is correct. Geographic redundancy requires the active and standby clusters to have the same number of nodes to ensure balanced performance.

Option C:This is correct. Huawei's SD-WAN solution supports only one active cluster and one standby cluster for geographic redundancy.

Option D:This is incorrect. While the active and standby clusters synchronize data in real time, only the active cluster provides services. The standby cluster remains idle until a failover occurs.

Conclusion:The FALSE statement is Option D.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 9: SD-WAN Solutions.

Huawei SD-WAN Controller Documentation.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security)is a Layer 2 encryption protocol that ensures secure and reliable communication over Ethernet links. Among Huawei'sNetEngine 8000 series routers, the following models support MACsec:

NetEngine 8000 M6:High-performance router with MACsec support for secure WAN connections.

NetEngine 8000 MIC:Modular interface card-based router with MACsec capabilities.

NetEngine 8000 F1A:Fixed configuration router supporting MACsec for secure access links.

TheNetEngine 8000 MIAdoes not support MACsec, making it unsuitable for scenarios requiring Layer 2 encryption.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "MACsec Support in NetEngine Routers."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation, Security Features.