H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls with advanced security features(such asIPS, Antivirus, and File Filtering) candetect and respond to file anomalies.

Actions that can be taken when an anomaly is detected:

A. Alarm→ Generates a log entry and notifies the administrator.

C. Block→ Prevents the file from being transferred.

D. Delete attachment→ Removes malicious attachments from emails.

Why is B incorrect?

Allowing a detected malicious file is not a valid security response.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → File Filtering & IPS Protection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei firewalls come with a built-in URL filtering database, which includes predefined categories such as:

Malicious websites

Phishing sites

Social media

Business services

The URL category database is periodically updated by Huawei, ensuring that new threats are detected automatically.

Why is this statement true?

Administrators do not need to manually load URL categories; they are delivered with the firewall and updated regularly.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → URL Filtering & Web Security

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls enforce security policies based on rules defined by the administrator.

Data filtering rules must be explicitly referenced in security policies to take effect.

Why is this statement true?

If a filtering rule exists but is not linked to a security policy, it will not apply to network traffic.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Data Filtering Policy Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Health checkensuresnetwork reliabilityby detecting link failures.

Supports multiple protocols: ICMP, TCP, UDP, DNS, and HTTP.

Works with PBR (Policy-Based Routing):

Health checkmonitors link status, and if a failure is detected,PBR dynamically switches to an alternate path.

Why is C false?

Health check CAN be used with PBRto ensure traffic is routed via healthy links.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Health Check Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Aggressive modeis a faster IKE Phase 1 negotiation method butdoes not support NAT traversal (NAT-T) with AH.

NAT-T only works with ESP, because:

AH includes the original IP header in its integrity check, which breaks when NAT modifies the IP address.

ESP works with NAT-Tsince it does not include the original IP header in its integrity check.

Why is this statement false?

AH does not support NAT-T, soAH+ESP cannot be used in NAT traversal scenarios.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPsec VPN NAT Traversal

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Portal authentication requires active session monitoring.

User logout can be triggered by multiple methods:

A. Portal server logout→ The Portal system forcefully logs out a user.

B. Authentication server logout→ The authentication system revokes access.

C. User-initiated logout→ The user manually logs out via a Portal page.

D. Access device logout→ If the firewall detects inactivity, it can remove the session.

Why are all options correct?

Each method can trigger a user logout in Portal authentication.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication Logout Mechanisms

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

GRE over IPsecis used totunnel non-IP traffic, multicast, and dynamic routing protocolsover IPsec VPN.

Tunnel mode is requiredbecause:

Transport mode only encrypts the payload, but GRE needs the entireoriginal IP packet encrypted.

Tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet(original + GRE headers), ensuring full encapsulation.

Why is this statement true?

GRE over IPsec must use tunnel modeto fully encapsulate and protect packets.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)allows traffic to be forwarded based on specific policies.

All options are correctsince Huawei PBR can match:

A→ Source IP address

B→ Source security zone

C→ Source MAC address

D→ Application

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Policy-Based Routing Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Nginx logs store detailed HTTP request information, including:

RequestedURLs

ClientIP addresses

Query parameters(which may contain SQL injection attempts)

SQL injection detection using logs:

SuspiciousSQL keywordsin GET/POST requests (e.g., ' OR 1=1 -- or UNION SELECT).

Repeated attack attemptsfrom a single source IP.

Why is this statement true?

Nginx logs provide full request details, enabling engineers to detect SQL injection attempts.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Web Attack Detection & Log Analysis

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

1️⃣Understanding HWTACACS:

HWTACACS (Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System)is aHuawei-proprietaryAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) protocol.

It isbased on the TACACS+ protocolbut optimized for Huawei devices.

Why the Statement is False?

The statement contains atechnical inaccuracyabout thetransport protocolused by HWTACACS.

Incorrect:"It uses UDP for transmission."

Correct:HWTACACS uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), not UDP.

TACACS+ and HWTACACS both use TCP (port 49) for reliable communication.

Key Features of HWTACACS:

A screenshot of a computer AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Why TCP is Used Instead of UDP?

TCP ensures reliable deliveryof AAA messages.

UnlikeRADIUS (which uses UDP), HWTACACS does not suffer from packet loss issuessince TCP provides retransmission and flow control.

Where is HWTACACS Used?

Device Login Authentication→ Securely managesnetwork administrators accessing Huawei routers, switches, and firewalls.

Authorization Control→ Grants specific command-level privileges to users.

Accounting→ Logs command execution for auditing purposes.

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Bandwidth policies use a hierarchical structure(Parent → Child).

Child policies must follow parent policiesin terms of bandwidth restrictions.

Why is C false?

A parent and childcan use the same bandwidth profile.

The firewall allowsinheritanceof bandwidth settings.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Bandwidth Management and Policy Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Host check policyis a security mechanism inSSL VPNto verifyterminal security compliancebefore granting access.

It checks for:

Antivirus software

Operating system patches

Running processes

Security settings

If the terminal fails the host check, access is denied.

Why is this statement true?

A successful host check is required before an SSL VPN session is allowed.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SSL VPN Host Check Policy

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Regular expressions (regex) are used in data filtering to detect patterns in traffic.

*b.d Explanation:

b→ The word must start with 'b'.

.* → Matches any number of characters (wildcard).

d→ The word must end with 'd'.

Testing the given words:

A. abroad (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

B. beside (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

C. boring (✔allowed)→ Doesnotstart with "b" and end with "d" (safe to post).

D. bad (❌blocked)→ Starts with "b" and ends with "d" (matches the regex).

Why is C correct?

"boring" does not match the regex pattern, so it is not blocked.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Regular Expressions in Data Filtering