2V0-41.23 VMware NSX 4.x Professional Questions and Answers

According to the VMware NSX Documentation, these are the prerequisites for adding nodes to an NSX Management Cluster using the NSX UI:

• All nodes must be in the same subnet and have IP connectivity with each other.
• A compute manager must be configured and associated with the NSX Manager node.
• The NSX Manager node must have a valid license.
• The NSX Manager node must have a valid certificate.

Load Balancing Algorithm 

You specify the following parameters during the creation of a server pool:

• Name: A unique name for the server pool.

• Cloud: The cloud connector details for the NSX environment.

• VRF Context: Virtual Routing Framework (VRF) is a method to isolate traffic in a system. VRF is also called a route domain in the load balancer community. A global VRF context is created by default. Network administrators might create custom VRF contexts to isolate traffic between different tenants or subsets.

• Default Server Port: New connections to servers will use this destination service port. The default port is 80.

• Load-balancing algorithm: The selected load-balancing algorithm controls how the incoming connections are distributed among the servers in the pool.

• Tier-1 gateway (logical router): Specify the Tier-1 gateway that you want to attach the server pool to. This value matches the Tier-1 gateway specified for the virtual service and VIP.

https://docs.vmware.com/jp/VMware-NSX/4.1/installation/GUID-B7E7371E-A9F6-4880-B184-E00A62C0C818.html

To enable stateful active-active SNAT on a Tier-0 or Tier-1 gateway, you must configure an Interface Group for the NSX Edge uplinks. An Interface Group is a logical grouping of NSX Edge interfaces that belong to the same failure domain. A failure domain is a set of NSX Edge nodes that share the same physical network infrastructure and are subject to the same network failures. By configuring an Interface Group, you can ensure that the stateful services are distributed across different failure domains and can recover from network failures1

To allow syslog on an ESXi transport node, the administrator needs to use the esxcli utility to enable the syslog ruleset in the ESXi firewall. The correct syntax for this command is esxcli network firewall ruleset set -r syslog -e true, where -r specifies the ruleset name and -e specifies whether to enable or disable it. The other options are incorrect because they either use an invalid syntax, such as omitting the ruleset name or using -a instead of -r, or they disable the syslog ruleset instead of enabling it, which is the opposite of what the question asks. References: [ESXi Firewall Command-Line Interface], [Configure Syslog on ESXi Hosts]

NSX Global Manager is a feature of NSX that allows managing multiple NSX domains across different sites or clouds from a single pane of glass. NSX Global Manager supports Federation, which is a capability that enables synchronizing configuration and policy across multiple NSX domains. Federation has many benefits such as simplifying operations, improving resiliency, and enabling disaster recovery.

The only supported mode in NSX Global Manager when using Federation is Policy mode. Policy mode means that NSX Global Manager acts as a policy manager that defines and distributes global policies to local NSX managers in different domains. Policy mode also allows local NSX managers to have their own local policies that can override or merge with global policies.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.0/administration/GUID-29998FC5-C1AB-40BC-B669-6E8E9937F345.html

The command vmkping ++netstack=geneve -d -s 1572  is used to check the VMware kernel ports for tunnel end point communication. This command uses the geneve netstack, which is the default netstack for NSX-T. The -d option sets the DF (Don’t Fragment) bit in the IP header, which prevents the packet from being fragmented by intermediate routers. The -s 1572 option sets the packet size to 1572 bytes, which is the maximum payload size for a geneve encapsulated packet with an MTU of 1600 bytes. The  is the IP address of the remote ESXi host or VM. References: : VMware NSX-T Data Center Installation Guide, page 19. : VMware Knowledge Base: Testing MTU with the vmkping command (1003728). : VMware NSX-T Data Center Administration Guide, page 102.

Network Introspection is a service insertion feature that allows third-party network security services to monitor and analyze the traffic between virtual machines. Network Introspection can be configured on the host pNIC or on the partner SVM, depending on the type of service and the deployment model. The host pNIC configuration is used for services that require traffic redirection from the physical network to the service virtual machine. The partner SVM configuration is used for services that require traffic redirection from the virtual network to the service virtual machine. Network Introspection cannot be configured on the Tier-0 or Tier-1 gateways, as they are not part of the data plane where the service insertion occurs. Network Introspection also cannot be configured on the edge node, as it is a logical construct that hosts the Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateways. References: Distributed Service Insertion, NSX Securing “Anywhere” Part IV

BGP will be configured on the T0 SR. Connect to the VRF for the T0 SR and run get bgp neighbor once connected to it. https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Validated-Design/5.1/sddc-deployment-of-vmware-nsx-t-workload-domains-with-multiple-availability-zones/GUID-8BD4228A-75C6-4C60-80B4-538D4297E11A.html

For the BGP configuration on NSX-T, the Tier-0 Service Router (SR) is typically where BGP is configured. To check the BGP neighbor status:

Connect to the VRF for the T0 SR, which is VRF 3 based on the provided output.

Run the command to get BGP neighbor status once connected to it.

The correct answer is to enable the OSPF toggle and to add an Area Definition for the Tier-0 gateway in the image. These two items are required to configure OSPF on the Tier-0 gateway, as explained in the web search results123.

To mark your answers by clicking twice on the image, you can double-click on the toggle switch next to OSPF to turn it on. The switch should change from gray to blue, indicating that the option is enabled. Then, you can double-click on the Set button next to Area Definition to add an area definition. A pop-up window should appear where you can specify the area ID and type. 

1. Click the OSPF toggle to enable OSPF 2. In the Area Definition field, click Set to add an area definition https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-5BEC626C-5312-467D-B873-8E117349E9FC.html

https://vdc-download.vmware.com/vmwb-repository/dcr-public/c3fd9cef-6b2b-4772-93be-3fe60ce064a1/1f67b9e1-b111-4de7-9ea1-39931d28f560/NSX-T%20Command-Line%20Interface%20Reference.html#get%20logical-switch%20%3Clogical-switch-id%3E

The answer is C. Group all by means of tags membership.

Tags are metadata that can be applied to physical servers, virtual machines, logical ports, and logical segments in NSX. Tags can be used for dynamic security group membership, which allows for granular and flexible enforcement of security policies based on various criteria1

In the scenario, the company is deploying NSX micro-segmentation to secure a simple application composed of web, app, and database tiers. The naming convention will be:

• WKS-WEB-SRV-XXX
• WKY-APP-SRR-XXX
• WKI-DB-SRR-XXX

The optimal way to group them to enforce security policies from NSX is to use tags membership. For example, the company can create three tags: Web, App, and DB, and assign them to the corresponding VMs based on their names. Then, the company can create three security groups: Web-SG, App-SG, and DB-SG, and use the tags as the membership criteria. Finally, the company can create and apply security policies to the security groups based on the desired rules and actions2

Using tags membership has several advantages over the other options:

• It is more scalable and dynamic than using Edge as a firewall between tiers. Edge firewall is a centralized solution that can create bottlenecks and performance issues when handling large amounts of traffic3
• It is more simple and efficient than doing a service insertion to accomplish the task. Service insertion is a feature that allows for integrating third-party services with NSX, such as antivirus or intrusion prevention systems. Service insertion is not necessary for basic micro-segmentation and can introduce additional complexity and overhead.
• It is more flexible and granular than creating an Ethernet based security policy. Ethernet based security policy is a type of policy that uses MAC addresses as the source or destination criteria. Ethernet based security policy is limited by the scope of layer 2 domains and does not support logical constructs such as segments or groups.

To learn more about tags membership and how to use it for micro-segmentation in NSX, you can refer to the following resources:

• VMware NSX Documentation: Security Tag 1
• VMware NSX Micro-segmentation Day 1: Chapter 4 - Security Policy Design 2
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: Security Groups
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: Security Policies

An alarm can be suppressed for a specific duration in hours.

According to the VMware NSX documentation, an alarm can be in one of the following states: Open, Acknowledged, Suppressed, or Resolved12

An alarm in a Suppressed state means that the status reporting for this alarm has been disabled by the user for a user-specified duration12

When a user moves an alarm into a Suppressed state, they are prompted to specify the duration in hours. After the specified duration passes, the alarm state reverts to Open. However, if the system determines the condition has been corrected, the alarm state changes to Resolved13

To learn more about how to manage alarm states in NSX, you can refer to the following resources:

• VMware NSX Documentation: Managing Alarm States 1
• VMware NSX Documentation: View Alarm Information 2
• VMware NSX Intelligence Documentation: Manage NSX Intelligence Alarm States 3

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-Intelligence/1.2/user-guide/GUID-EBD3C5A8-F9AB-4A22-BA40-92D61850C1E6.html

 The NSX Application Platform Deployment features are divided into three form factors: Evaluation, Standard, and Advanced. Each form factor determines which NSX features can be activated or installed on the platform1. The Evaluation form factor supports only NSX Intelligence, which provides network visibility and analytics for NSX-T environments2. The Standard form factor supports both NSX Intelligence and NSX Network Detection and Response, which provides network threat detection and response capabilities for NSX-T environments3. The Advanced form factor supports all four features: NSX Intelligence, NSX Network Detection and Response, NSX Malware Prevention, and NSX Metrics1.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/nsx-application-platform/GUID-85CD2728-8081-45CE-9A4A-D72F49779D6A.html

According to the web search results, VMware Aria Operations Networks (formerly vRealize Network Insight) is a network monitoring tool that can help monitor, discover and analyze networks and applications across clouds1. It can also provide enhanced troubleshooting and visibility for physical and virtual networks2.

The other options are either incorrect or not relevant for identifying problems in a physical network. VMware Aria Automation is a cloud automation platform that can help automate the delivery of IT services. VMware Aria Orchestrator is a cloud orchestration tool that can help automate workflows and integrate with other systems. VMware Site Recovery Manager is a disaster recovery solution that can help protect and recover virtual machines from site failures.

According to the VMware NSX 4.x Professional documents and tutorials, IPSec VPN secures traffic flowing between two networks connected over a public network through IPSec gateways called endpoints. NSX Edge supports a policy-based or a route-based IPSec VPN. Beginning with NSX-T Data Center 2.5, IPSec VPN services are supported on both Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateways1. NSX Edge also leverages the DPDK accelerated performance library to optimize the performance of IPSec VPN2.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.0/administration/GUID-7D9F7199-E51B-478B-A8BC-58AD5BBAA0F6.html

According to the web search results, the command that is used to verify the Local Control Plane (LCP) connectivity with Central Control Plane (CCP) on ESXi is get control-cluster status. This command displays the status of the LCP and CCP components on the ESXi host, such as the LCP agent, CCP client, CCP server, and CCP connection. It also shows the IP address and port number of the CCP server that the LCP agent is connected to. If the LCP agent or CCP client are not running or not connected, it means that there is a problem with the LCP connectivity .

The minimum MTU size for the UPLINK profile is 1700 bytes. This is because the UPLINK profile is used to configure the physical NICs that connect to the NSX-T overlay network. The overlay network uses geneve encapsulation, which adds an overhead of 54 bytes to the original packet. Therefore, to support a standard MTU of 1500 bytes for the inner packet, the outer packet must have an MTU of at least 1554 bytes. However, VMware recommends adding an extra buffer of 146 bytes to account for possible additional headers or VLAN tags. Therefore, the minimum MTU size for the UPLINK profile is 1700 bytes (1554 + 146). References: : VMware NSX-T Data Center Installation Guide, page 23. : VMware NSX-T Data Center Administration Guide, page 102. : VMware NSX-T Data Center Installation Guide, page 24.

https://nsx.techzone.vmware.com/resource/nsx-reference-design-guide#a-31-the-nsx-virtual-switch

• Security policy recommendations: Are East-West distributed firewall (DFW) security policies in the application category12.
• Security group recommendations: Are VMs or physical servers whose traffic flows were analyzed for the time period and the boundary you had specified12.
• Service recommendations: Are service objects that were used by applications in the VMs or physical servers that you had specified, but the services are not yet defined in the NSX inventory12.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-Intelligence/4.1/user-guide/GUID-BA3B0D67-4AA8-439E-A845-4598DAD6B9D0.html

According to the VMware NSX Documentation1, NSX-T Data Center supports the following types of DHCP configuration on a segment:

• Local DHCP server: This option creates a local DHCP server that has an IP address on the segment and provides dynamic IP assignment service only to the VMs that are attached to the segment.
• Gateway DHCP server: This option is attached to a tier-0 or tier-1 gateway and provides DHCP service to the networks (overlay segments) that are directly connected to the gateway and configured to use a gateway DHCP server.
• DHCP Relay: This option relays the DHCP client requests to the external DHCP servers that can be in any subnet, outside the SDDC, or in the physical network.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.0/administration/GUID-486C1281-C6CF-47EC-B2A2-0ECFCC4A68CE.html

Distributed Firewall on VDS is a feature of NSX-T Data Center that allows users to install Distributed Security for vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS) without the need to deploy an NSX Virtual Distributed Switch (N-VDS). This feature provides NSX security capabilities such as Distributed Firewall (DFW), Distributed IDS/IPS, Identity Firewall, L7 App ID, FQDN Filtering, NSX Intelligence, and NSX Malware Prevention. To enable this feature, the following requirements must be met in the environment:

• The NSX version must be 3.2 and later1. This is the minimum version that supports Distributed Security for VDS.
• The VDS version must be 6.6.0 and later1. This is the minimum version that supports the NSX host preparation operation that activates the DFW with the default rule set to allow.

References:

• Overview of NSX IDS/IPS and NSX Malware Prevention

Federation is a feature of NSX that allows the administrator to manage multiple NSX instances with a single pane of glass view, create gateways and segments that span one or more locations, and configure and enforce firewall rules consistently across locations1. Federation provides centralized policy management for security and networking services for all locations and pushes it down to NSX Local Managers at the respective sites for enforcement1. Federation also enables disaster recovery and workload mobility scenarios by providing consistent network and security policies across different sites1. References: 1: NSX Federation - VMware Docs(https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-D5B6DC79-6733-44A7-8072-50221CF2122A.html)

• Route Aggregation and and D) BGP neighbours are available when configuring BGP in a VRF. "Route distribution" does not exist, what you can do is a "Route Re-Distribution" via BGP. https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.1/administration/GUID-4CB5796A-1CED-4F0E-ADE0-72BF7B3F762C.html

According to the VMware NSX Documentation, a non-preemptive failover policy means that the original failed node will not become the active node upon recovery, unless the current active node fails again. This policy can help avoid unnecessary failovers and ensure stability.

The other options are either incorrect or not available for this configuration. Preemptive is the opposite of non-preemptive, meaning that the original failed node will become the active node upon recovery, if it has a higher priority than the current active node. Enable Preemptive and Disable Preemptive are not valid options for the failover policy, as the failover policy is a drop-down menu that only has two choices: Preemptive and Non-Preemptive.

VMware NSX is a portfolio of networking and security solutions that enables consistent policy, operations, and automation across multiple cloud environments1

The VMware NSX portfolio includes the following solutions:

• VMware NSX Data Center: A platform for data center network virtualization and security that delivers a complete L2-L7 networking stack and overlay services for any workload1
• VMware NSX Cloud: A service that extends consistent networking and security to public clouds such as AWS and Azure1
• VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer: A solution that provides load balancing, web application firewall, analytics, and monitoring for applications across any cloud12
• VMware NSX Distributed IDS/IPS: A feature that provides distributed intrusion detection and prevention for workloads across any cloud12
• VMware NSX Intelligence: A service that provides planning, observability, and intelligence for network and micro-segmentation1
• VMware NSX Federation: A capability that enables multi-site networking and security management with consistent policy and operational state synchronization1
• VMware NSX Service Mesh: A service that connects, secures, and monitors microservices across multiple clusters and clouds1
• VMware NSX for Horizon: A solution that delivers secure desktops and applications across any device, location, or network1
• VMware NSX for vSphere: A solution that provides network agility and security for vSphere environments with a built-in console in vCenter1
• VMware NSX-T Data Center: A platform for cloud-native applications that supports containers, Kubernetes, bare metal hosts, and multi-hypervisor environments1

VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid and VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Cluster are not part of the VMware NSX portfolio. They are solutions for running Kubernetes clusters on any cloud3

VMware Aria Automation is not a real product name. It is a fictional name that does not exist in the VMware portfolio.

https://blogs.vmware.com/networkvirtualization/2020/01/nsx-hero.html/

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/nsx-application-platform/GUID-42EDE0AD-CD65-41AC-9694-AD0CCEC35969.html

A. Can be used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol. This is correct. BGP is a protocol that can be used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS). An AS is a network or a group of networks under a single administrative control. BGP can be used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) to connect an AS to other ASes on the internet or other external networks1

B. It supports a 4-byte autonomous system number. This is correct. BGP supports both 2-byte and 4-byte AS numbers. A 2-byte AS number can range from 1 to 65535, while a 4-byte AS number can range from 65536 to 4294967295. NSX supports both 2-byte and 4-byte AS numbers for BGP configuration on a Tier-0 Gateway2

C. The network is divided into areas that are logical groups. This is incorrect. This statement describes OSPF, not BGP. OSPF is another routing protocol that operates within a single AS and divides the network into areas to reduce routing overhead and improve scalability. BGP does not use the concept of areas, but rather uses attributes, policies, and filters to control the routing decisions and traffic flow3

D. FIGRP Is disabled by default. This is correct. FIGRP stands for Fast Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, which is an enhanced version of IGRP, an obsolete routing protocol developed by Cisco. FIGRP is not supported by NSX and is disabled by default on a Tier-0 Gateway.

E. BGP is enabled by default. This is incorrect. BGP is not enabled by default on a Tier-0 Gateway. To enable BGP, you need to configure the local AS number and the BGP neighbors on the Tier-0 Gateway using the NSX Manager UI or API.

To learn more about BGP configuration on a Tier-0 Gateway in NSX, you can refer to the following resources:

• VMware NSX Documentation: Configure BGP 1
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: BGP Configuration
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: BGP Troubleshooting

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-EAAD1FBE-F750-4A5A-A3BF-92B1E7D016FE.html

According to the VMware NSX 4.x Professional documents and tutorials, an NSX Manager is a standalone appliance that hosts the API services, the management plane, control plane, and policy management. The NSX Manager has three built-in roles: policy, manager, and controller2. The policy role handles the declarative configuration of the system and translates it into desired state for the manager role. The manager role receives and validates the configuration from the policy role and stores it in a distributed persistent database. The manager role also publishes the configuration to the central control plane. The controller role implements the central control plane that computes the network state based on the configuration and topology information3. The other roles (master, cloud, and zookeeper) are not valid NSX Manager roles.